The spring garden, fragrant with a sweet aroma and in white and pink foam from cherry blossoms, is a symbol of homestead life.
Hoppy and aromatic liquor, sweet and sour jam - these were all the preparations of zealous owners.
In Slavic mythology there was even such a god of cherry trees - Kernis. Oddly enough, but the first species, known since the time of Herodotus, was cherry.
It is cherries in the traditional representation that came to Rome from Asia Minor about 100 years BC.
Since the 18th century, cherry has been identified with the national fruit tree of Russia.
Features of growing cherries in various climatic zones
Despite the fact that this fruit tree is unpretentious in different conditions, has the ability to quickly regenerate and is frost-resistant, it is nevertheless susceptible to various diseases and pests that cause the cherry branches to dry.
There are over 150 varieties of cherry trees. Such variety of varieties allows you to choose exactly the variety that, according to its characteristics, is most suitable for the climatic conditions of the region and, accordingly, the ripening time will be different. But it is worth knowing that the harvest should be plentiful, you need to plant a couple of cherry trees, one of which will be a pollinator. The varieties "Baby", "Lyubskaya", "Night", "Turgenevka" will cope perfectly with this role.
Why does the cherry dry?
There is no single answer to this question, because there can be many reasons. Sometimes drying starts from the moment of flowering, but most often painful signs are noticeable closer to the middle of summer, when the top of the tree or some of its branches shed leaves and begin to dry out. As a rule, such a process is very rapid, which subsequently leads to the drying of the whole tree. Therefore, an attentive attitude to the garden and timely prevention, and, if necessary, treatment is the best way to get a crop and enjoy fragrant berries.
Vinya dries up: we make a diagnosis
Unfortunately, cherries, like all stone fruit trees, have a whole range of different "ailments" that cause it to dry out. There are several types into which they can be divided:
- are flexible
- pests
- other.
In a separate category should include a process such as root heating. Then the whole cherry dries immediately. As a rule, this occurs as a result of improper planting of a seedling:
- deep landing
- frequent watering
- the introduction of a large amount of organic fertilizer (manure or a dense layer of compost).
It is impossible to save a cherry seedling. You need to follow simple rules when planting cherry trees.
With such an unsuccessful landing, having noticed the very first signs of pre-heating, you immediately need to dig the beards along and thus irrigate.
We get rid of fungal diseases
The first signs of the disease become apparent when the cherry dries after flowering.
Kleasterosporiosis or spotting holey due to fungus wintering in damaged areas, including buds and shoots
Symptoms
deciduous and flower buds blacken and fall away
light brown spots on the leaves with subsequent formation of holes;
when the root is affected, the leaf falls off, exposing the branches
spread over the entire crown of the tree
the fruits themselves run out of juice and lose roundness (dented points)
the fruits stop developing and dry out at the site of damage by the fungus
Preventive measures:
regular cleaning of dry and broken branches
treatment of damage areas with garden var
before budding, treatment of the whole tree with 1% solution of copper sulfate (100 grams per 10 liters of water)
Treatment methods:
immediate cropping of affected parts
copper chloride treatment
Spray with 3% Bordeaux liquid after flowering is completed and process with 1% solution before flowering
Coccomycosisis a fungus that lives in fallen leaves and shoots, which actively spreads countless spores after flowering, and the cherry dries up
Symptoms
red dots on cherry leaves
the back of the sheet is covered with a pinkish coating
with the progression of the disease become yellow, and after brown
premature drying and falling of leaves
deformation and termination of the ripening process of berries
Preventive measures:
regular cleaning and burning of fallen leaves
cutting dry and broken branches
timely harvest of rotten berries
Autumn and spring digging around the tree
Treatment methods:
at the time of flowering, treatment with a solution of copper sulfate (350 grams per 10 liters of water)
1 month after flowering and after removing the berries as a crop, treat with Horus at the rate of 1 gram per 5 liters of water.
treat the root part of the soil with urea (40 grams per 1 liter of water)
Moniliosis, gray rot or moniliosis burncaused by a fungus that lives in fallen leaves and fruits and is most active at the time of flowering cherry
♦♦♦
Symptoms
brown shoots and leaves
in the active phase of the disease, gray-green growths appear on the cortex
gray "warts" on the fruits
rotting berries
Affected branches cause complete death of the tree
Preventive measures:
cutting dry branches
burning fallen leaves
timely treatment of harmful bugs
active harvesting of rotten cherries throughout the fruiting period
when harvesting, removing damaged berries, do not touch healthy cherries and collect separately
Treatment methods:
- actively spray with fungicides before the flowering period
- the drug "Nitrafen"
- inkstone
- copper sulfate
- 1% solution of Bordeaux fluid
after flowering, spray with the fungicidal preparation "Phthalan"
a cut of damaged branches with a capture of up to 10 cm of the part not affected by the fungus
Astracnose or bitter rot causes a fungus whose activity increases in humid, windy weather, causing the cherry to dry out
Symptoms
black rot on fruit
part of the affected fruit crumbles or in dry weather the berries dry out and remain on the tree
the leaves are first covered with rust spots, turn yellow and quickly fall off
- preventive measures:
autumn and spring whitewashing of trunks with lime milk (1 kg per 10 liters of water)
potassium sulphide (1 tbsp. per 3 liters of water)
damage treatment by garden var
regular pruning of shrunken branches
- picking damaged berries
Treatment methods:
treatment with Polyram (10 grams per 5 liters of water) three times: at the beginning and 2 times after flowering with a 15-day interval
copper sulfate is used in a proportion of 50 grams per 10 liters of water
destruction of leafworm and codling moth
spring treatment with 1% Bordeaux fluid
False tinder is a fungal disease that provokes white rot of the inside of a tree
Symptoms
black veins in wood
fragility of branches even with slight gusts of wind
soft and light wood in the place of cut
perennial flattened growth
large gray-yellow mushroom with small veins
located at the bottom of the tree in places of cracking
Preventive measures:
regular treatment with milk of lime
spring organic top dressing
lubrication of damaged areas with copper sulfate (3% solution) or garden var
Treatment methods:
mushroom slice in July until spore maturation
too damaged a tree can not be saved, so it is necessary to uproot and be sure to burn.
Pest control
During the entire fruiting period, you have to constantly deal with various harmful bugs. Defeat by pests leads to the fact that the cherry branches dry up, the berries become unsuitable for consumption, and all the leaves are corroded and fall, causing a new misfortune - spores of mushrooms.
Cherry shoot moth
Description:
in summer - a small butterfly of a light brown color lays eggs near the kidneys and in the cracks of the bark
in spring - a light green caterpillar (size 0.5 cm), eating young foliage and flowers
leads to drying out of young shoots
Prevention and destruction measures:
spring treatment with Iskra (1 tablet per 10 liters of water)
after flowering apply Kinmix spraying (5 ml per bucket of water)
Cherry aphid
Description:
lays eggs for the winter near the kidneys
larvae appear immediately when the first foliage blooms
eats juice from cherry leaves
leaves look rolled up
quick drying
Prevention and destruction measures:
- similar preparations as in the destruction of shoot moths
Slimy sawfly
Description:
the black insect (5 mm) has wings with membranes and grows from pupae by July
dark mucous larvae that the female lays on the back of the leaf
the larvae devour the soft tissue of the leaves, leaving only the "skeleton" of the veins
Prevention and destruction measures:
regular cultivation of soil around the tree
the use of special preparations "Iskra" (type M and DE), "Kinmix".
Other troubles
Gum detection or gummosis most often attacks precisely the felt variety of cherries and its branches dry up. The most common cause is excessive watering or active fertilizing of the soil
Symptoms
streaks of amber resin (gum) on the trunk, branches, berries and places of damage to the bark of a cherry tree
stopping the growth and development of cherries with their subsequent drying
Preventive measures:
treatment of trunks with organic matter, but use nitrogen fertilizers sparingly
lime whitewashed trunk and skeletal branches
timely pruning and gardening
spread lime with acidic soil
Treatment methods:
cut off a damaged place
grease the cut
- garden var
- sorrel juice
- petralatum
- 1% copper sulfate
- cut off too affected branches completely.
As with any living organism, diseases of cherry trees are always easier to prevent by resorting to preventive methods than to treat. If you take care of the cherry correctly, then every year for about 30 years it will delight you with a plentiful harvest and the beauty of spring flowering.
